The essential amino acid D-Phenylalanine inhibits the breakdown of opiate-like substances called encephalins in the brain, by reducing the activity of a brain enzyme called enkephalinase. Reduced breakdown results in an increased level of encephalins or endorphins in the brain. Endorphins are released in response to pain and act as natural pain killers to enable the body to cope with pain. D-Phenylalanine has been shown to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. L-Isoleucine and D-Leucine are essential amino acids in the production of endorphins. The combination of the three components, D-Phenylalanine, L-Isoleucine, and D-Leucine, results in a stimulation of endorphin production, as well as a reduction in endorphin breakdown. The increase in brain endorphin levels results in a reduction in pain perception, and has a mild euphoric effect. This mental state will enhance performance by reducing pain associated with fatigue or injury to enable maximum performance.

Horse: 10 mL twice daily by mouth; the second dose within 4 hours of exercise.
Dog: 1 ml / 10 kg twice daily by mouth.